Tamales were originally created by the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca tribes as a food to take into battle. They are traditionally made with beef or pork, covered in dough, and steamed in a corn husk.
Tortas are a type of sandwich, served either grilled or pressed, and filled with many different types of meat, including beef, pork, or chorizo. It is also filled with fruits like tomato and peppers and vegetables like letuce and onions.
Barbacoa is a way of preparing meat that invovles cooking either beef, lamb, or goat over a fire. It is typically served in tacos and sandwiches like tortas.